(following Singer) argue that suffering and happiness are what matter morally. Since animals suffer and experience pleasure, their interests deserve equal consideration with human interests—but not necessarily equal treatment. Humans may have greater interests in some contexts (e.g., using animals for life-saving research), and when interests conflict, we must weigh them impartially.
Animals should not be subjected to unnecessary suffering. (following Singer) argue that suffering and happiness are
In The Case for Animal Rights , Regan argued from a deontological (duty-based) perspective. He stated that animals are "subjects-of-a-life" with inherent value. Because they have desires, perceptions, and a psychological identity over time, they cannot be used as a mere means to human ends. 3. Contemporary Issues in Animal Welfare and Rights Animals should not be subjected to unnecessary suffering
through prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment. Because they have desires, perceptions, and a psychological
While often used interchangeably in public discourse, "animal welfare" and "animal rights" represent distinct philosophical positions and strategic frameworks for protection. Animal Welfare: The Pragmatic Framework
Animal welfare is the dominant legal and social paradigm today. It focuses on the quality of life
The legal status of animals is gradually shifting from "property" to "sentient beings."