: Much of natural behavior revolves around feeding , fleeing , fighting , and reproduction .

Using puzzles, pheromones, and "safe zones" to reduce boredom and anxiety.

Checking organ function and hormone levels (especially in seniors).

Historically, a trip to the veterinary clinic was expected to be a stressful, white-knuckle experience for pets and owners alike. Animals were routinely restrained using brute force to accomplish procedures quickly.

by Katherine A. Houpt: This classic text provides a thorough understanding of normal behavior across various species, including dogs, cats, horses, pigs, sheep, cattle, and goats. The 7th Edition (available at Lireka ) includes updated research on behavioral genetics and the microbiome. Show more Career Paths Graduates with a background in these fields often work as: Veterinary Assistants