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The mounted specimen undergoes sequential grinding with progressively finer silicon carbide papers, followed by polishing with diamond suspensions.
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The polished sample is placed under a light optical microscope equipped with a digital camera. The operator sets a grayscale or color threshold. This tells the computer exactly which pixels represent the banded phase and which represent the matrix. 5. Data Computation
It calculates the total area percentage occupied by the banded phase. Platforms like IHS Markit, Techstreet, and SAI Global
E2109 Standard Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal Sprayed Coatings. ASTM International
The standard's Significance and Use section explains why this matters:
ASTM E2109-01 provides a standardized method for determining the area fraction of porosities and other inclusions in materials using computer-aided image analysis Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only
Requires specialized software calibration and expensive equipment. Critical Steps in Specimen Preparation
Helps engineers fine-tune spray parameters (e.g., gas flow, velocity, temperature) to achieve the target density. Core Methodology of ASTM E2109-01
: The complete standard is available for purchase and download directly from the ASTM International official website .
While highly accurate when done by experienced operators, it is time-consuming. 3. Test Method B: Automatic Image Analysis
A direct comparison technique where a metallographic image of the specimen is compared against seven standard reference images depicting typical porosity distributions. Method B (Automated): computerized image analysis