The Growing Global Threat Of Antibiotic Resistance Ielts Reading Answers !!link!! -

The crisis is accelerated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, such as patients failing to finish prescribed dosages or taking medicine for non-bacterial "under the weather" feelings. The Food Chain Link:

Hygiene, such as washing hands, prevents the spread of resistant strains.

The reading passage " The Growing Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance

10 million deaths annually by 2050.

Identifying which paragraph mentions the use of antibiotics in hospital patients or the role of public hygiene. True / False / Not Given: Statements often include: The crisis is accelerated by the overuse and

Explanation: Paragraph 2 states, "700,000 people die annually... [rising] to 10 million by 2050."

Write: TRUE if the statement matches the passage, FALSE if it contradicts the passage, NOT GIVEN if there is no information.

| Question | Answer | Explanation | |----------|--------|-------------| | 8 | | The passage explicitly states: “Just four years after drug companies began mass-producing penicillin in 1943, microbes began appearing that could resist it”. Resistance emerged within four years, not “over a decade.” | | 9 | TRUE | Paragraph C states: “A single plasmid can provide a slew of different resistances”. “Slew” means multiple or many. | | 10 | NOT GIVEN | The passage mentions GLASS has over 100 countries, but does not state whether this is a majority of all countries in the world. | | 11 | FALSE | According to the passage: “Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are posing the greatest threat”. The statement says “Gram-positive,” which directly contradicts the passage. |

Incorrect use of antibiotics (or the antibiotics themselves being used incorrectly). The word "cyclical" means: Periodic or repeating in cycles. The word "emerge" means: Appear . Key Vocabulary from the Passage Identifying which paragraph mentions the use of antibiotics

Misuse by professionals and improper usage by patients (not completing courses) accelerates the issue.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria - Natural selection and evolution - BBC

A) The scientific difficulty of discovering new chemical compounds is too high.B) Governments have placed strict bans on the commercial sale of new drugs.C) Curative drugs used short-term generate far lower profits than chronic medications.D) There is insufficient global demand for third-line antimicrobial therapies.

Paragraph D states that "AMR could claim 10 million lives per year by 2050, eclipsing cancer as a leading cause of mortality." 4. Consequences: A Post-Antibiotic Era However

Patients often fail to complete their prescribed courses, allowing weaker bacteria to survive and develop resistance [3]. 4. Consequences: A Post-Antibiotic Era

However, this confidence was misplaced. Bacteria, like all living organisms, are subject to the laws of natural selection. When an antibiotic attacks a bacterial population, the majority of susceptible bacteria are eradicated. Yet, a tiny fraction may possess genetic mutations that render them immune to the drug's mechanisms. These surviving "superbugs" replicate rapidly, passing their resistant traits to subsequent generations. More alarmingly, bacteria can exchange genetic material horizontally across different species via plasmids—small, circular DNA molecules. This accelerating evolutionary arms race means that the efficacy of our most potent antimicrobial defenses is eroding at an unprecedented rate.

– The passage explicitly calls for this in the final paragraph.

Not finishing a prescribed course of antibiotics allows the strongest bacteria to survive and multiply.

What are the two main contributors to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?